Vehicle brake and motor control system



Sept. 17, 1940. E. E. HEWITT 2,215,356

VEHICLEBRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1959 ll Sheets-Sheet l Masfer Confroller i i y L'P 288 HEAD END CONTROL STATION Applicafion Valve 52 587 Track mp SW.

ATTORNEY Z7|q H2 555 45 INVENTOR fa T ELLIS E. HEWITT o I I40 I Q I e BY k l5 14;:5 i l Sept. 17, 1940. E. E. HEWITT VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1959 11 Sheets-Sheet z INV ENTOR ELLIS E. HEWITT ATTORNEY Sept. 17, 1940. E. E. HEWITT VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Em mom mom INVENTOR ELLIS E. HEWITT MQqq L ATTORNEY Sept. 17, 1940.

E. E. HEWITT 2,215,356

VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 Emerqggy T ip Mashar Conrroller a ne1 Valve 494 55 46 REAR END CONTROL STATION Applicafion V0)ve ATTORNEY E. E. HEWITT 56 VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept. 17, 1940.

p 1940- E. E. HEWITT 2,215,356

' VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CQNTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 Fig.6

llllll ATTORNEY P 1940. E. E. HEWITT VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 lGiiii :::::::-llmrnll IQIIII INVENTOR ELLIS E. HEWITT ATTORNEY s P 1940. I E. E. HEWITT 2,215,356

VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1959 1 1 Sheets-Sheet 8 ZOl I99 INVENTOR 'ELUS E. HEWITT BY ATTORNEY Sept- 1940- E. E. HEWITT VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed ,July 28, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR ELUS E. HEWKTT my, w-o

ATTORNEY Sept. 17, 1940. wj 2,215,356

VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1939 I ll Sheets-Sheet 11 g LOCK posmon (Lever removable) ass 357 UNLOCK POSITION (Lever nor removob)e) r'lalllln Z I 467 To ApPlicofio Valve '54 FgZZ INVENTOR ELUS E. HEWITT ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 17, 1940 UNITED STATES VEHICLE BRAKE AND MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Ellis Hewitt,-Edgewood,- Pa, assignor'to The Westinghouse Air Brake Company; Wilmerding, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application July 28, 1939, Serial No. 287,083-

t i 14 Claims.

v This invention relates to vehicle brake and motor control systems and has particular relation to a control system for a multiple-unit vehicle or train wherebyan operator on one of the units or cars may control thebrakes and the motors on the separate units in unison.

At the presenttime there are street railway 'cars' of the single-unit type in service having a brake system including magnetic track shoe associated withfthe car wheels, and the driving motors adapted to act as dynamic brakes,

It is a general object of' my invention to provide Si a brake andmotor control system for a multiple- 15 unit vehicle, such as a street railway train, having the three types of brakes heretofore employed on a single-unit car.

It is another object of myinventlon to provide a brake and motor control systemior a multiple-.

unit vehicle, or a train of vehicles, of the doubleend type in which the operator may control the motors and the brakes from control stations 10- fiatled at opposite ends of the multiple-unit veic e.

It is another objectof my invention to provide abrake and motorccntrolsystemfor a multipleunit vehicle, or a train of vehicles, including a master controller of novel construction having an operating handle'efiective when operated in one direction out of a normal coasting position into a propulsion zone to control the propulsion motors on the separate units of the vehicle in unison and adapted when shifted inthe opposite. direction out of the coasting position into a braking zone to control the application of the brakes on the separate units of the vehicle in unison. v It is another object of my invention to provide a multiple-unit vehicle brake and motor control system of the character indicated in the foregoing objects in which an emergency application of the brakes i'sautomati-cally effected in unison on all'of the separate units of the vehicle in response to operation of conductors devices, track trip devices and fdeadman devices as Well as by an accidental and undesired separation or breakin-two of the separate units of the vehicle.

It is another objector my invention to provide a pneumatically controlled actuator device on each of a plurality of separate units of the vehicle adapted to be selectively controlled by operation of a master controller on one of the units to elTect control of thepropulsion motors and of the brakes on the separate units in unison.

It is another object of my invention to provide a master controller, of the type hereinbefore menbrakes, pneumatically controlled friction brakes A tioned, incorporating therein a master reverser and having variousinterlock features for the purpose of insuring the proper positioning of the master reverser and the master controller under certain operating conditions.

It is another object of my invention to provide a master controller of the type hereinbefore mentioned adapted to insure the maintenance of the operating handle in its so -called trip position a sufiicient length of time to insure the trip operation of the master circuit-breaker on each of the separate units. I

It is another object of my invention to provide a master controller of the type hereinbefore men tioned and having a locking lever which can be removed by the operator only when the controller handle and the master reverser handle are prop-'- erly positioned for-changing control stations,

It is another object of my invention to provide a master controller, of the type mentioned in the foregoing object, in whichthe operation of the locking lever to a position in which it can beremoved from the master controller is automatically effective to insure an emergency application of the brakes and also to eliect' clo'sure of one, end of a train pipe controlling thebrakes.

It is another objectof my invention toprovide a multiple-unit brake'and motor control system having a master controllerbf the type hereinbefore mentioned in which the release of the operating handle in any of the, operating positions is effective to cause-a dead'man? emergency application of the brakes except when the operating handle has been operated 'tOQfi CCt at least a certain degree-oi application of the brakes.

It is another object of my invention toprovide a master controller of the type'hereinbefore mentionedand adaptedv to automatically prevent air-released type wherein the propulsion of the vehicle is preventedin the event of failure of the spring-appliedbrakes to be released.

The above objects, and other objects of my invention which will be made apparent hereinafter, are attained by an embodiment of my invention subsequently to be described and shown in the accompanying drawings wherein, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and i taken together in side-by-side relation'constitute a diagrammatic representation of the multiple-unit brake and motor control equipment comprising my invention,

the master controller shown in'Fig. 1, the operating handle of the mastencontroller being in its normal or coasting position and raised to deadman application position and the master reverser handle being in its forward position,

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional View taken on the ine 9-9 of Fig. 6,

Figs. 10 and 11 are sectional views taken on the lines llll I] and l I-l l, respectively of Fig. 9,

Fig. 12 is a fragmental sectional view taken on theline l2-l2 of Fig. 6 showing a position-insuring means for the master reverser handle.

Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are horizontal sectional views taken on the lines l3-l3, l4l4 and |5-l5,

respectively, of Fig. 6 showing further details of construction. I r

Fig. 16 is a fragmental vertical sectional view taken on the line I6l6 of Fig. '7,

Fig. 1'7 is a fragmental horizontal sectional view taken on the line lll'l of Fig. '7 showing the manner of mounting and construction details of the contact fingers of the controller,

Fig. 18 is a plan view, on reduced scale, of the master controller, showing the various control positions of the controller handle,

Fig. 19 is a fragmental sectional View, taken on the line Iii-I9 of Fig. 13 showing the locking mechanism whereby the locking lever can be removed from the master controller in one position only,

Fig. 20 is an enlarged sectional view, showing details of the so-called release valve shown in outline form in Figs. 1 and 4.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged sectional view showing details of the application valve shown only in outline form in Figs. 1 and 4,

Fig. 22 is a view taken substantially on the line 22-22 of Fig. 2, showing the details of the mechanism through which the actuators are adapted to operate the brake and motor controllers associated therewith. 1

DESCRIPTION Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 taken together, the brake and motor control equipment comprising my invention is illustrated as applied to a multiple-unit train having three sections or units of the articulated type. For purposes of the present invention, the unit shown on Figs. 1 and 2 will be considered as the head end unit of the train, the unit shown on Figs. 3 and 4 will be considered as the rear end unit of the train and the unit shown-partly in Fig. 2 and partly in Fig. 3 will be considered as the middle unit of .and motor control equipment is substantially entirely carried on the head end and the rear end units only, it being unnecessary for the middle unit to carry any control apparatus except as hereafter described.

As shown diagrammatically, each of the two pairs of wheels of each truck is provided with a brake cylinder II for controlling the application and the release of friction brake devices associated with the corresponding pair of wheels. Suspended on coil springs l2 at a normal clearance distance above the track rails l3, one on each side of a wheel truck, between the front and rear pairs of wheels is a magnetic track brake device I4. Suitably associated in driving relation to the respective axles of the wheel truck on the head end unit are propulsion motors I5, l6, |1 and I8 respectively. In a similar manner the respective wheel axles of the two wheel trucks associated with the rear end unit are provided with propulsion motors l5, l6, l1 and I8 respectively, the motor I5 being omitted since half of the Wheel truck at the rear end of the rear end unit is broken away.

As diagrammatically shown, particularly in Fig. 2, a pair'o-f brake shoes I9 is provided for each front and each rear pair of wheels of each wheel truck, one shoe of each pair being adapted to engage the tread or rim of a corresponding wheel. The two brake shoes of a given pair are each pivotally carried at the end of a lever 2|,

the two levers 2| being fixed at opposite ends of an operating shaft or rod 22 that extends transversely of the wheeltruck and is suitably mounted for rotation in the truck frame in a manner not shown. The brake cylinder II for each pair of wheels is suitably mounted in the truck frame and has a piston 23 therein (see Fig. 2) provided with a piston stem 24 that is pivotally connected to an operating lever 25 that is in turn fixed to the operating rod or shaft 22.

When fluid under pressure is supplied to the chamber 26 at one side of the piston 23, the piston 23 is shifted in a direction to effect rotation of the operating shaft 22 in a direction to shift the brake shoes l9 out of engagement with the tread surface of the car wheels and thus release the brakes. When fluid under pressure is released from the chamber 26 in the brake cylinder I l, a coil spring 21 interposed between the piston 23 and the end cover or head of the brake cylinder becomes effective to urge the piston 23 in a. direction to rotate the operating rod 22 correspondingly so that the brake shoes l9 are shifted into frictional braking engagement with the tread surface of the wheel.

It should be understood that any other suitable arrangement may be provided whereby the brake shoes are applied by the force of a spring and released by fluid pressure.

The magnetic track brake devices l4 are of conventional construction and have a track engaging portion or shoe of magnetic material with which is associated an electromagnet winding Ma. The magnetic attraction set up between a. track rail and the shoe of the track brake device H in response to energization of the electromagnet winding Ma overcomes the force of the supporting spring l2 and consequently shifts the shoe into frictional braking contact with the rail. 1

The degree of retardation produced by the track brake devices varies with the degree of energization of the electromagnet winding. As will be seen hereinafter, the degree of energization of theelectromagnet winding of the track brake devices is suitably varied in accordance with a desired degree of application of the brakes.

The propulsion motors l5 to l8 are standard type motors and for purposes of illustration are indicated as of the direct drive type in which the wheel axle forms the motor armature shaft, the stator and frame of the motors being suitably supported and secured tothe truck frame.

The supply and release of fluid under pressure to and from the brake cylinders ll on the head end unit is under the control of a relay valve 3| of well known construction mounted in a suitable place on the unit. The relay valve 3| is operatively controlled by fluid under pressure supplied thereto alternatively under the control of either a lock-out magnet valve 32 or a selflapping brake valve 33 of well known construction. A double check valve 34 is interposed between the lock-out magnet valve 32 and the brake valve 33 in the supply communication to the relay valve 3l.

The motors l5, I6, I! and IS on the head end unit are under the control of a brake controller 35 which, as will be described in greater detail hereinafter in connection with Fig. 5, is adapted to establish suitable circuits for causing the motors to act as dynamic brakes and also for controlling the supply of current to the electromagnet windings of the magnetic track brake devices.

Motors l5, I6, I! and I8 on the'head end unit are also under the control of a propulsion controller 36 which is effective to cause the motors to drive the vehicle in a manner subsequently to be described in connection with Fig. 5.

Each of the controllers 35 and 36 is provided with an operating shaft 350. and 36a respectively adapted to be selectively rotated by a so-called actuator 31. The self-lapping brake valve 33 has a rotary operating shaft 33a which is connected to an extension of the shaft 351]. of the brake controller 35. as by a coupling 38. Thus the operating shaft of the brake controller 35 and the shaft of the self-lapping brake valve 33 are simultaneously rotarily shifted in unison by V the actuator 31.

In a similar manner, corresponding apparatus is provided onthe rear end unit for controlling the operation of the motors I5 to l8 on the rear end unit, the magnetic track brake devices I4 on the rear end unit and the brake cylinders H on the rear end unit, the different parts and devices being designated by the same reference numerals by which they are identified on the head end unit.

Extending in conventional manner through all units of the train are two train pipes 4| and 42. referred to hereinafter as the supply pipe and the control pipe respectively. The supply pipe 4! is constantly charged to a selected pressure such as one hundred pounds per square inch, fluid under pressure being supplied thereto from a plurality of reservoirs 43, two of which are shown for purposes of illustration, one on the head end unit and one on the rear end unit. The reser-- voirs 43 are adapted to be charged with fluid under pressure by suitable fluid compressors (not shown) individual to each reservoir.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 4, a branch pipe 4w of the supply pipe 4| is provided on the head end unit and on the rear end unit respectively, which branch pipe leads to the relay valve 3|, the lock-out magnet valve 32, the self-lapping brake valve 33 and the actuator 37 on the corresponding unit. An air filter 44 of suitable type is pro-.

of the branch pipes 4| a to insure a filtered supply of fluid under pressure to these devices.

The actuators 3'! are operatively controlled of a similar master controller 45 at a suitable control station on the rear end unit.

The master controller 45 is a particular feature of my invention and will be described in detail hereinafter. sary to explain only that the master controller 45 has an operating handle 46 which has a central position designated coasting position, (see Figs. 1 and 18). When the operating 'handle 46 is shifted in one direction out of the coasting position, it passes successively through four different spaced positions designated respectively first service, full service, trip and nonoperative positions. When the operating handle 46 is shifted in the opposite direction from the coasting position, it passes successively through three positions designated respectively switching, first propulsion and full propulsion.

As will be explained more fully hereinafter, the controller handle is adapted upon operative movement to rotate an operating shaft 41 which is effective through suitable mechanism subsequently to be described to operate a self lapping valve device 48. 'The self-lapping valve device 48 supplies fluid at a pressure corresponding to the position of the operating handle 46 from the supply pipe 4! to a pipe 49 leading to a relay valve 5!, of well-known construction. Relay valve 5| in turn controls the supply of fluid under pressure from the supply pipe 4| into a pipe 52 connected to thecontrol pipe 42 through a so-called release'valve 53 and an-application valve 54.

As will be seen hereinafter, the release valve 53 and. the application valve 54 are under the control of an emergency trip magnet valve and switch device 55, hereinafter designated the emergency trip magnet valve. As will be further seen hereinafter, with the operator stationed at the control station of the head-end unit, the emergency trip magnet valve 55 on the head end unit is conditioned to cause the release valve 53 to permit. the supply of fluid under pressure to the control pipe 42 whereas the emergency magnet valve 55 on the rear end unit is conditioned to cause the release valve 53 associated therewith to close the control pipe at the rear end of the train.

With the operating handle 45 of the master controller 45 at the'control station occupied by the operator in its coasting position, the control pipe 42 is normally charged to a certain pressure, such as for example forty-five pounds per square inch.

When the operating handle 46 of the master controller 45 is in its first service position, the

pressure in the control pipe'42 is reduced to a value, such as thirty-five pounds per square inch; and when the handle is in its full service position, the pressure in the control pipe 42 is further reduced to a value, such asten pounds per square inch. On the other hand, when the master controller handle 42 is shifted into itsv switching position, the pressure in the control For present purposes it is necesvided in the supply pipe 4| closely adjacent each pipe 42 is increased from the normal pressure to a certain pressure such as fifty-five pounds per square inch. The pressure in the control pipe 42'is further increased, upon further displacement of the operating handle into the first propulsion position, to a value such as sixty-five pounds per square inch. With the controller handle in its full propulsion position, the pressure in the control pipe is further increased to a value such as eighty pounds per square inch.

As will be explained more fully hereinafter, the reduction of the pressure in the control pipe 42 from the normal pressure causes the actuator devices 31 on the different units to correspondinglyoperate the brake controller 35 and self-lapping brake valve 33 on the corresponding unit while the propulsion controller 36 remains stationary in its normal position in which the supply of'current to the propulsion motors is cut off. On the other hand, the increase from the normal pressure in the control pipe'is effective to cause the actuators 37 to correspondingly operate the propulsion controllers 36 without operating the brake controllers 35 and self-lapping brake valves 33.

The equipment shown in Figs. 1 to 4 further includes a number of electrical switches, relays, contactors and other electrical devices cooperatively connected and associated through circuits including fourteen train wires designated 6| to 14 inclusive, the sections of the train wires on the several units being connected by suitable couplers l5.

A storage battery 11, adapted to be maintained charged by suitable charging equipment not shown, is provided on the head end unit and the rear end unit respectively as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. The positive terminal of each of the batteries H is connected by a branch wire 18 to the train wire 62 and the'wire B2 is thus hereinafter designated the positive battery wire. The negative terminal of each of the batteries is connected to ground and to the train wire 6| bya branch wire 19 and the train wire BI is thus hereinafter designated the negative battery wire.

The train wires 63 and 64 are adapted to be energized alternatively under the control of a master reverser associatively combined with the master controller 65 for the purpose of controlling the forward and the reverse operating windings 8| and 82 respectively oflocal reversers 83 on the head end and rear end units respectively. The local reversers 83 are adapted to control the motor circuits on the corresponding unit, in manner not shown but well understood by those skilled in the art, for the purpose of controlling the direction of rotation of the motors to correspondingly propel the train in forward or reverse direction.

The electromagnet windings Ma of the magnetic track brake devices on the different units are energized by current supplied from the parallel-connected batteries H under the control of a master circuit-breaker '85 on the corresponding unit which also serves to control the supply of current to the relays controlling the dynamic braking circuits including the propulsion-motors IE to l8 on the corresponding unit.- In'the'case of an emergency application of the brakes, a contactor or switch device 86 is operative to shunt the brake controller 35 to supply maximum current to the electromagnet windings of the trackvbrake devices, the contactor 86 being controlled by an electrical relay 8! thatis in turn controlled by the emergency trip magnet valve 55, in a manner to be subsequently explained, through the medium of the train wire 13 that is consequently hereinafter designated the emergency wire.

Located adjacent each of the relay valves 3|, in Figs. 2 and 4, is a two-position pressure switch 89 which is operatively controlled according to the pressure in the brake cylinders II on the corresponding units. The pressure switches 89 are connected in series relation and are adapted, in the position assumed thereby when the proper pressure is established in the brake cylinders for fully releasing the brake shoes I9, to establish a circuit through the train wire 69 from the head to rear ends of the train. A relay 9l, hereafter referred to as the control relay,-is provided on the head end unit and a similar relay 9! is provided on the rear end unit. One or the other of the control relays 9| is adapted to be energized when the circuit through the train wire 69 is completed, depending upon whether the operator is at the control station on the head end or the rear end unit.

If the pressure in the brake cylinders II is below-a certain pressure required to effect release of the wheel brakes, the corresponding pressure switch 89 interrupts the circuit through the train Wire 69 to cause the control relay 9| to be operated to prevent the propulsion circuit for the propulsion motors [5 to H3 from being set up. At the same time, in its latter position the pressure switch 89 establishes a circuit through the train wire 12 to cause illumination of an indicating lamp 92 on the corresponding unit adjacent the master controller 45. Each pressure switch 89 controls a corresponding indicating lamp 92 selectively so that indication is thereby given as to the particular unit on which the brakes remain applied.

Connected in series relation in the train wire H are a plurality of switch devices 94. The switch devices 94' are door-controlled switches which are actuated to closed position as shown when the associated door is closed and which are actuated to a circuit opening position when the corresponding door is opened. Operating on and controlled by the circuit including the door wire H is a door relay 95, one being provided at the control station for the head end unit and one being provided for the control station at the rear end unit. As will be seen hereinafter, only one of the door relays 95 is effective depending upon the operator being stationed at the corresponding control station. The door relay 95 at the head end or rear end control stations operates jointly with the corresponding control relay 9| to prevent the supply of propulsion current to the propulsion motors of all units if the door wire circuit is interrupted due to a door on any of the units being left open.

- A switch 96 of the push-button type is provided for each of the door relays 95 to establish a parallel or shunt circuit around the relay contacts to render the relay ineffective under certain circumstances where an open door on any of the units is for some reason desired while the train is in motion.

Included in series relation in the train wire 14 are a plurality of normally-closed switches 91 of the manually operable type, hereinafter called conductors switches. The conductors switches 91, are located at suitable points on each unit of the train and are effective, when operated to'open position, to interrupt a normally closed.

circuit including the wire I4, which will hereinafter be termed the conductors wire.

Operating on the circuit including the conductors wire I4 is the magnet valve device 55 and a relay'or switch device 98, hereinafter called the emergency switch device, which is effective automatically upon interruption of the conductors wire to cause interruption of the supply of propulsion current to the motors I to I8 of the corresponding unit.

Associated with the switch 98 on the head end unit are a control switch 99 and a reset switch IOI. In a similar manner, a control switch 89 and a reset switch IIJI' are provided at the rear end control station. The switches 99 and III! are indicated diagrammatically but it will be understood that they are of the two-position type. The

control switches 99 are of the key or snap type adapted to remain in either of two positions. The

reset switches IIJI are normally biased to a'normal position and are operative to a second position by the application of manually applied pressure.

- The circuit including the conductors wire 14 on which the emergency trip magnet valve 55 and emergency switch device 98 at the head end end control station. The track trip switches I02 are suitably located so as to cooperate with a projection along the track adapted in well known manner to operate the switches to open position in the event that the train runs past a signal.

Referring to Fig. 5, the equipment provided for controlling the propulsion circuits, the dynamic braking circuit, and the track brake circuit includes in addition to the brake controller 35 and'propulsion controller 36, two propulsion,

relays I03 and IE4, an overload relay Hi5, a rheostat I06 of the motor operated type, and a dynamic braking relay IB'I.

It will be understood that the diagram shown in Fig. 5 represents only the control exercised by the brake controller 35 and the'propulsion controller 36 on one of the units over the cor DETAILED DESCRIPTION on PARTS OF THE EQUIPMENT Thus far the equipment has been described in general terms only. A specific and detailed description of certain parts of the equipmentis accordingly necessary and such description is accordingly now given, the parts being described substantially in the order in which they were mentioned in the above general description.

(a) Relay valve 31, lock-out magnet valve .32 and self-lapping brake valve 33 The relay valve 3I needs no specific description thereof inasmuch as it is the well known E type relay valve commonly employed in air brake equipment. A relay valve of this-type is shown and described in detail in Patent No. 2,038,167 to C. C. Farmer and E. E. Hewitt. Briefly, it comprises an operating piston for operating an exhaust valve and a supply valve, the piston being subject on one side to the pressure of fluid supplied thereto through a pipe II I from the outlet port of double check valve 34. The relay valve 3I is automatically self-lapping and delivers fluid through pipes I I2, I I3 and H4 to the pressure chambersZB of the brake cylinders II on the corresponding units, the pressure established in the brake cylinders corresponding to the degree of control pressure acting on the piston and supplied through the pipe III. As previously indicated, the relay valve 3| controls the supply of fluid under pressure from the branch pipe 4Ia. of the supply pipe 4| to'the brake cylinder pipe 2.,

The lock-out magnet valve 32 is of conventional type and is indicated diagrammatically in section in Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 5, the look-out magnet valve 32 comprises a suitable casing containing a pair of oppositely seating valves H5 and I I 6 of the poppet type and an electromagnet winding II'I effective through a plunger II 8 to operate the valves H5 and II 6. As will be seen hereinafter, the electromagnet winding II'I operates on the .dynamic braking circuit and is energized according to the dynamic braking current.

Valve H5 is contained in a chamber I I9 that is constantly open to atmosphere through an exhaust port I26. The valve 1 I5 is adapted to seat on an associated valve seat formed on a wall in the casing which separates the chamber I I9 from a chamber I2I to which one'end of the double check valve 34 is connected through a pipe I22.

The valve H6 is contained in a chamber I23 that is constantly connected through a pipe IM to the branch pipe Ma of thesupply pipe GI. A coil spring I25, interposed between the valve I I6 and the end of the casing, urges the valve into seated relation on an associated valve seat formed on a wall which separates the chamber I23 from the chamber I2I. i

The twovalves H5 and IIS are provided with fluted stems that extend through the walls form.- ing the associated valve seats, the ends of the two stems meeting in end-to-end contact within the chamber I2I. The stems of the valves H5 and IIB are of such length that when thevalve IIt is-seated as shown, the valve I I5 is unseated and, conversely, when the valve I I5 is seated, the valve H6 is unseated. v

The electromagnet winding III is so designed that as long as it is energized by a current in excess of a certain value, the downward force exerted by the plunger I I8 on the valve II5 is effective to overcome the force of the spring I25 and consequently cause the valves H5 and IIE to be seated and unseated respectively. When the current energizing the magnet winding II'I falls below such certain value, which may occur at a low speed of for example ten miles per' hour speed, the spring I25 becomes effective to shift the valves H5 and H6 to-seated and unseated positions respectively.

With the valves I I5 and II I5 unseated and seated as shown, the-chamber I2I and consequently the one end of. the double check valve 34 is connected to atmosphere through the exhaust port I20. With the valves H5 and H6 respectively seated and unseated, the exhaust communication just described is closed and fluid under pressure is supplied from the pipe I24 past the valve II6 to the pipe I22.

The double check valve 34 is of conventional construction and comprises a shiftable valve ele--- ment that is operated in response to the pressure delivered through the pipe I22 to a position for establishing connection between the pipe I22 and the pipe III leading to the relay 'valve 3|.

It will thus be seen that when the dynamic braking current exceeds a certain value, the lockout magnet 32 is conditioned to cause fluid under pressure in the supply pipe 4| to be delivered to the relay valve 3|, whichis in turn operative to supply pressure fluid at a corresponding pressure to the brake cylinders II to maintain the brakes released.

The self-lapping relay valve 33 is also of wellknown construction and needs no specific description. A relay valve of this type is shown and described in detail in Patent 2,042,112 to E. K. Lynn and Rankin J. Bush. As previously indicated, the brake valve 33 has a rotary operating rod 33a which is effective upon rotation to condition the brake valve 33 to supply fluid from the branch 4Ia of the supply pipe 4| to a pipe IZ'I leading to the end of the double check valve 34 opposite to that to. which the pipe I22 is connected.

In the normal position of the operating rod 33a of the brakevalve 33, the brake valve is conditioned to supply fluid into the pipe I 21 at a pressure such as seventy-five pounds per square inch. As the operating rod 33a is rotarily shifted by operation of the actuator 37, in a manner hereinafter to be described, out of its normal position the brake valve 33 is operative to reduce the pressure delivered to the pipe I21.

The pressure delivered by the lock-out magnet valve through pipe I22 to the double check Valve 34 is higher than the maximum pressure delivered by the brake valve 33 tothe opposite end of the double check valve since the fluid pressure in the supply pipe 4| is assumed to be one hundred pounds per square inch, whereas the assumed maximum pressure of fluid delivered through pipe I2'I to the double check valve is assumed to be seventy-five pounds per square inch. Accordingly, as long as the dynamic braking current maintains the look-out magnet valve 32 is position to supply pressure to the relay valve 3|, the fluid pressure controlled brakes remain released. When the look-out magnet 32 is operated to cut off the supply I of fluid pressure through the pipe I22 to the double check valve 34, the valve element of the double check valve 34 is'accordingly shifted in response to the pressure in pipe IT! to a position to establish communication between the pipexIZl and the pipe IIIleading to the relay valve 3|, which is thus correspondingly operated according to the pressure supplied under the control of the brake valve 33. With the operating rod 33a of the brake valve 33 rotatively shifted out of it normal position so that the pressure delivered to the relay valve 3| is a relatively low pressure, the relay valve 3| is operative to reduce the pressure in the brake cylinders II and consequently permit the springs 21 to become effective to actuate the brake shoes I9 into braking engagement with the tread or rim surface of the vehicle wheels.

(b) Brake controller and propulsion controller 36 The brake controller 35 and propulsion controller 36 are indicated inoutline form only Figs. 2 and. -3 and in diagrammatic developed form in Fig. 5. Referring-to Fig.- 5, the brake controller 35 is indicated as comprising aplu-i rality of switches 'of the contact finger type, I3I','f I32-and I33 respectively, which are operative to open and closed positions by a cooperating rotary, cam fixed on the operating shaft 35a of the, con-j troller. These cams are represented diagram matically by the cam elements I34, I35 and I36. It will be understood that when the rotary shaft 35a of the brake controller is in an operating position covered by the corresponding cam ele-. ment, the switch opposite the, cam element is actuated to closed position. When the rotary shaft of the brake controller 351s in a position not covered by the cam element, the switch oppo site the cam element is in open position.' For example, in Fig. 5 where the rotary shaft of the brake controller35 is in its normal or coasting position, the switches I3I and I32 opposite the cam elements I34 and I35 respectively areshown in closedposition while the switch I33 is in open position since the cam element I36 does not cover the coasting position of the controller. V

The brake controller 35 also includesa rotary brush. device I31 which-is arranged to be rotated by rotation of the rotary shaft 35a of thecontroller and which is correspondingly positioned.

The rotary brush device I31 contacts astationtionarily mounted in the'casing of the controller As seen in Fig. 5, one is connected by a wire I4I to the positive terminal of the storage battery TI under the control of the circuit-breaker 95 and one end of the resistor I39 is connected by a branch wire I42 and a wire I43 to common terminals of the track brake electromagnet windings I4a of the corresponding unit, the opposite terminals of which are connected to the negative terminal of the battery I! as through a ground connection shown. I

In the normal position of the operating shaft 35a of the brake controller 35, the brush device I3! interrupts the connection between the free ends of the two resistors I38 and I39. As the shaft 35a is rotated by the actuator 31 out of its normal position a predetermined amount, which as hereinafter explained occurs at some point between the first service and full service posie tions of the controller 35, the brush device I31. connects the free ends of the resistors I38 and I39, thereby establishing a circuit for energizing the electromagnet windings I4a of the track brake devices through the full amount of the resistors I38 and I39. r

As the rotary shaft 35a of the brake controller 35 is further displaced out of its normal position, the brush device I3I simultaneously cuts out of the energizing circuit of the track brake ele'c tromagnet windings I40, an increasing amount of both of the resistors I38 and I39.

The propulsion controller 36 is similar in construction to the brake controller 35 and, .as shown in Fig. 5, may comprise a plurality of end of the resistor I38 switches of the contact fingertype I44, I45, I46 I and 38 isan additional rotarycam which rune-1 to control the operation of the motor operated rheostat I06 in effecting different degrees of dynamic braking and rates of acceleration.

(c) Actuator 37 The actuator 31 is of the type described in detail and claimed in mycopending application Serial No. 258,443, filed February 25, 1939 to which reference may be had.

Briefly, the actuator 3'l comprises a crosshead or'shiftable frame I55 of rectangular construction that is suitably supported and guided on a cylinder I55 and biased to a normal position by a coil spring I 57. The arrangement of the crosshead I55 with respect to the spring I51 is such that the spring I! is compressed when the crosshead is shifted in either direction out of the normal position in which it is shown. 7

The crosshead I5 5 is provided with a centrally disposed lug I58 thereon in a manner to selectively engage one or the other of two bell-crank levers I59 and I60 that are pivoted at the fu1-' crums thereof in spaced relation on a fixed support IGI.

As shown partly in Figs. 2 and 3 and partly in Fig.22, the arm of the bell crank I59 opposite that engaged by the lug I58 is connected by a link I82 to the upper end of a gear segment Ifit of the shaft 350: of the brake controller.

In a similar manner, the bell-crank I69 is connected by a link I52 to a gear segment I63, the l teeth of which mesh with a pinion I65 fixed on the operating shaft 36a of the propulsion controller 35. The arm I66 on the latter gear seg- As shown in Figs. 2 and 4, a coil spring is fixed at the opposite ends thereof to the bell-crank levers I59 and I66 in a manner to bias the arms of the bell-crank levers toward each other and in substantial engagement with opposite ends respectively of the lug I58 on the crosshead I55. The spring I68 thus becomes tensioned upon the rocking of either bell-crank I59 or I60 out of its normal position by movement of the crosshead I55 and thus exerts a positive force holding the other bell-crank in its normal position. Thus, when the bell-crank I59 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 2, due to the movement of the crosshead I55 in the left-hand direction, the spring I68 becomes tensioned and exerts a force on the bell-crank I60 tending to urge it'in a counterclockwise direction. Due to the engagement of the arm I66 of gear segment I63 with the fixed stop I61, the shaft 36a of the propulsion controller 36 is accordingly positively maintained in its normal position.

In addition to the spring I 68, another coil spring I'II is provided for biasing the operating ,.gear segments I63 ofthe brake control1er.35,and

ingly between the fixed support IISI and a collar on a rod I72 that is pivotally connected to the outer end of a lever I73 that is in turn pivoted,

atthe opposite end thereof .on the supporting pin Ifi l for the gearsegment I63 of the'brake controller-35. The lever I'l3 has a pair of laterally, extending arms IIt respectively adapted to engage the two gear segments I63 for the brake controllertii and for the propulsion controller 36 respectively at a point-above the pin IIi I on which the gear segments are pivoted. Thus the spring III yieldingly resists the rocking of the gear segments I53 in one direction out of" the normal position thereof and urges the gear segments in the opposite direction towards the normal position thereof.

The crosshead I55 is shifted by unbalancing fluid pressure forces on opposite sides of an operating piston, not shown, contained in the cylinder I56, and stopped in any position by balancing the fluid pressure on opposite sides of the piston. A pilot' valve I'It of the slide valve type, adapted to 'be 'operatively controlled by a pressure responsive device Ill, functions to unbalance and automatically balance the fluid pressure forces on the operating piston in the cylinder I 56 according to the pressure of fluid in the control pipe 32 acting on the pressure responsive device I'II through a branch pipe II8.

With the normal pressure of for example forty- I five pounw per square inch established in the control pipe t2, the crosshead I55 occupies its normal position shown so that the operating shafts of the brake controller 35 and of the propulsion controller 35 are biased to the normal positions thereof, that is, to the coasting" position indicated in Fig. 5. I

Upon the reduction of the pressure in the control pipe 42 to a value such as thirty-five pounds per square inch, the crosshead I 55 of the. actuator 37 is shifted in the left-hand direction from the position shown, thereby rocking the bell-crank I59 and causing corresponding movementof the operating shaft of the brake controller 35 to aposition corresponding to the first service position of the master controller handle 36. Upon a further reduction of thepressure in the control pipe as to a value such as ten pounds per square inch, the crosshead I55is further shifted in the left-hand direction and automatically stopped in a position such shaft of the brake controller 35 is shifted to and stopped in a position corresponding to the full service position thereof of the controller handle IB.

If the pressure in the control pipeis again increased to its normal pressure of forty-five pounds per square inch, the coil springs Iiitand I'II become effective to restore the operating shaft of the brake controller 35 to the normal pulson controller 36 to a position corresponding to the switching position of the controller handle lfi. In a similar manner, an increase of the pressure in the control pipe to a value such as sixty-five. pounds per square inch. causes the the propulsion controller 38 to the normalipositions thereof. The spring III is interposed yieldthat the operating crosshead I55 to be further shifted in the righthand direction and automatically stopped in a position such that the operating shaft of the propulsion controller 36 occupies a position corresponding to the first propulsion position of the controller handle 46. Likewise upon a still further increase in the pressure in the control pipeto a value such as eighty pounds per square inch the crosshead I55 is still further displaced in the right-hand direction from the normal position and the operating shaft of the propulsion controller still further displaced to a position corresponding to the full propulsion position of the controller handle 46.

It will be apparent therefore that the actuator 31 selectively operates one or the other of the controllers 35 and 36 and since it can operate only one of the controllers at one time automatically prevents interference between the propulsion and braking circuits. Thus it is impossible to produce a brake application without automatically restoring the propulsion controller to its coasting position in which the supply of propulsion current to the motors is interrupted; In a similar manner it is also impossible to allow a brakeapplication to be in effect while attempting to propel the vehicle and thus overloading the driving motors.

. (d) Master controller 45 The master controller 45 is shown diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 4. The actual details of structure are shown in Figs. 6 to 19 and in View of the fact that the master controller constitutes one of the features of my invention it will be described in detail.

As shown in the vertical sectional view of the master controller in Figs. 6 and '7, the master controller is of the pedestal type adapted to be mounted in an upright position in the control cab or station of a car. The master controller comprises a supporting base in the form of a steel channel member I having side flanges I86 and, secured to the web of the channel member I85 midway between the two flanges I86, another steel channel member I 81.

At the lower end of the channel member I85 is a base plate I88 suitably attached, as by welding, to the channel member I 85. Sup-ported in the base plate I88 is a bearing member I89 of the ball-bearing type in which the lower end of the operating shaft 41 of the controller is rotarily supported and held in a position substantially midway between the flanges of the centrally disposed channel member I01.

The operating shaft 41 is supported and guided at its upper end by a bearing plate I9I that has a hub portion'I 92 provided with a sleeve bearing I93 through which the shaft 41 extends. The bearing plate I9I is securedto a portion I94 of the casing, made of cast iron oraluminum, that is bolted or screwed to the upper end of the supporting channel member I 85. As shown in Fig. 9, the bearing plate I9I is provided with three circular holes I95 into which dowel pins I96 formed on the casing member I93 extend, thus accurately positoining the bearing plate. A plurality of screws I91 are provided for securing the bearing plate to the casing member I94.

Another casing member I99 complementary to the casing member I94 is attached to the upper surface of the casing member I94 as by a bolt or screw 20I accessible from the outside and several other screws not shown.

The casing member I99 is U-shaped in plan view, (see Fig. 18) being open at the bottom and formed so as to cover the central opening 203, in the upper surface 'of the casing member I94, through which the upper ends of the operating shaft 41 projects. The upper surface of the casing member I 99 is provided with a circular opening 204 in which is received a spherical portion 205 formed on the end of the operating handle 46 for attachment to the upper end of the operating shaft 41 which projects upwardly through the central opening 204. i

As shown in Fig. 6, the casing member I99 has an integrally formed hub 206 that is attached by a plurality of webs 201 to the wall of the casing member in a position such that the operating shaft 41 extends therethrough.

Vertically slidable in the hub 206 is a bushing member 208 that is provided at the lower end thereof with a flange 209 that extends radially outward from the shaft 41.

Interposed between the upper end of the hub portion I92 of the bearing plate I9I and a shoulder formed on the interior of the bushing 208 is a coil spring 2 I0 that urges the bushing upwardly to effect engagement of the flange 209 with the lower end of the hub 206.

Fitting closely in slidable relation over the upper end of the operating shaft 41 is a collar 2I2, the outer circular surface of which fits closely and slidably within the inner circular opening of the bushing 208 (Fig. 8). A pin 2 I3 extends diametrically through a suitable hole in the shaft 41 and cooperating holes in the walls of the collar 2I2 for securing the collar 2I2 to the shaft 41. The bushings 208 is provided with elongated openings 2I4 at diametrically opposite points therein through which the opposite outer ends of the pin 2I3 extend, suitable washers 2I5 and cotter pins 2I6 being'provided on the ends of the pin 2 I3 for holding it in position.

The collar 2I2 is provided with two oppositely extending arms 2H and 2I8 respectively that are substantially perpendicular to the pin 2I3 and are received in suitable notches or recesses 2| 9 in the upper end of the wall of the bushing 208. The end of the arm 2I1 on the collar 2I2 is received between a pair of lugs 22I formed on the inner surface of the spherical portion 205 of the operating handle 46 and a screw 222, inserted transversely from the outside of and through the wall of the spherical portion 205, extends through the lugs HI and a suitable bearing 223 provided in the arm 2I1 to provide a pivot for the operating handle. v

On the inner surface of the spherical portion 205 is formed a pair of lugs 225 that are so located as to engage the upper end of the bushing 208 on diametrically opposite sides of the operating shaft 41. 'Thus when the outer end of the controller handle 46 is pressed downwardly by the operator, the bushing 208 is correspondingly urged downwardly against the yielding resistance of the spring 2I0 and, conversely, when the outer end of the handle is released, the spring 2I0 returns the handle upwardly to the position shown in Fig. 6. This movement of the operating handle provides the well-known deadman feature as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

It willv be seen that the elongated openings 2 I4 in the bushing .208 permit the bushing 208 to be shifted downwardly with respect to the operating shaft 41 but, due to the pin 2 I3 extending in close fitting relation through the openings 2I4, the

bushing 298 is fixed to rotate with the operating shaft 41 at all times.

The flange 209 on the bushing 208 has a V-shaped projection 221 thereon, one surface 228 of which is so disposed as to engage a cooperating surface on a stop lug 229 formed on the bearing plate I9! to limit the rotation of the operating shaft 4? in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 9. As will be apparent hereinafter, this 10) to a position in the plane of rotation of the flange 209 of the bushing 208 so that the edge of the lever is engaged by the surface 228 on projection 221 of the flange 289 and thus prevents the movement of the controller handle 46 beyond its full service position.

In order to enable the movement of the controller handle 45 beyond its full service posi tion in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 9, a plunger 235 that operates in a suitable bore 235 in the casing member I99 and that projects above the upper surface of the casing member I99 sufficiently to be depressed by the operator is arranged so that when depressed by the operator, it engages an arm of the lever 23! and rocks the lever 23! in a clockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 10, to a position out of the plane of movement of the flange 209 on the bushing 298. It will thus be seen that unless the operator depresses the plunger 235, the controller handle 46 cannot be shifted beyond its full service position. As will be brought out more clearly hereinafter, the trip position of the controller handle 45 is located between the full service position and the non-operative position (see Fig. 18) and the blocking lever 23! thus positively prevents the undesired operation of the controller handle to trip position unless the operator definitely intends such movement of the controller handle.

As seen in Figs. 6 and 9, the bearing plate I9! is also provided with a stop lug 238 that is adapted to be engaged by another surface 239 of the projection 221 on the flange 299 of the bushing 205 when the controller handle 45 is shifted in a counterclockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 9. As will be seen later, the position of the controller handle as limited by the engagement of the projection 221 with the stop lug 238 corresponds to the full propulsion position of the controller handle. As will be explained more fully hereinafter, the controller 60" handle 46 passes successively through the switching and first propulsion positions thereof in shifting from the coasting position, in which the parts are shown in Fig. 9, to the full propulsion position.

4 the controller handle 46 released and the bushing 29B correspondingly urged to its uppermost position, the flange 299 causes the switch lever 24! to be rocked in a clockwise direction to effect disengagement of a contact-bridging member 243 fixed in insulated relation on the opposite end of the switch lever from a pair of contact members 244 suitably carried on an insulating block- 245 mounted on the inner wall of the casing member I99. When the controller handle is depressed, the flange 299 on the bushing 208 assumes a position indicated by the broken lines, and a coil spring 245 interposed between the bearing plate I9! and the contact arm of the switch lever 24! urges the switch lever in a counterclockwise direction to effect the engagement of the contact-bridging element 243 with the contact members 244, thus closing the switch.

The various operating positions of the controller handle 46 are positively defined by means of a disk 25! (see Fig. 13) fixed to the operating shaft 41 and having suitable notches 252, in the peripheral edge thereof for receiving a roller 253 that is rotatably mounted on the end of a lever, 254 and yieldingly biased into contact with the peripheral edge of the disk 25! by a coil spring 255.

As seen in Figs. 6 and 14, the positioning disk 25! is formed integrally with a second disk 256, the two disks being joined by an intervening boss 251 of substantially rectangular cross section. A central opening 258 of square shape extends through the disks 25! and 256 and the boss 251 for receiving a square bushing 259 that has a central bore 26! of circular cross section.

conforming closely to the outer circular diameter of the controller shaft 41. The bushing 259 is fixedon the shaft 41 by a transversely extending pin 262. In order to insure the disks 25! and 255 being fitted over the square bushing 259 in only one position, a pin 253 is provided in the wall of the bushing which extends into a suitable groove or slot 254 formed in the disks and connecting boss 251. Thus the disks 25! and 256 are prevented from being installed in improper angular relation to the controller handle 46.

As seen in Figs. 6 and 13, the lever 254 carrying the roller 253 is pivoted at the end opposite the roller 253 on a suitable bolt or stud 256 suitably secured in the casing member I94 in parallel relation to the controller shaft 41'. The biasing spring 255 is connected, at one end to a lug on the lever 254 and at the opposite end to a rod 251 that is pivoted, as on a pin 268, fixed on the inner surface or wall of the casing member I94.

A portion of the operating shaft 41 intermediate the ends thereof some distance below the casing member I94 is of squarecross section for receiving thereon'in interlocked; relation a plurality.

of rotary cams 214 having central openings of square shape corresponding to the cross section of the operating shaft. As indicated in Fig. 17, each cam 210 is adapted to operate a corresponding contact finger 21! into and out of contact with a fixed contact member 212 according to the contour of the rotary cam. The contact fingers 21! are hinged in spaced parallel relation to -a supporting board of insulating material 213 that is secured to one flange of the inner channel member I81, a suitable terminal post 214 being provided for connecting electrical wires to the contact fingers. In a similar manner contact members 212 are mounted on a board of insulating material 214 suitably secured to the opposite flange of the central channel member I81.

As will be seen in Fig. 17, each contact finger 21! is provided with a roller 211 that engages the peripheral edge of the rotary cam 219. When the roller 211 engages in a notch 218 in the peripheral edge of the cam, a spring 219 becomes effective to urge the contact finger 21! into engagement with the fixed contact member 212. 

